been removed at the site since 1984), is inadequate for cleaning up groundwater to drinking water standards. Existing character-
ization and monitoring methods are time consuming, expensive, and often inexact.

In addition to the need for innova-
tive remediation systems, changes to the CAA (1990 revisions) pre-
cluded the atmospheric venting of gases recovered by a variety of extraction processes. This brought on the need for inexpensive and effective offgas treatment tech-
nologies. The VOCs in Non-Arid Soils ID was chartered with addressing the cited deficiencies by focusing on the demonstration, testing and evaluation of innova-
tive methods for:

• in situ air stripping (sparg-
  ing) using horizontal wells
• thermally enhanced vapor extraction of VOCs from low permeability clay horizons in the unsaturated zone
• in situ bioremediation of VOC contaminated sites treatment of offgases from a variety of remedial activities
• characterization of contami-
  nated sites, monitoring of contamination transport, and effectiveness of remedial activities.

Characterization and monitoring and remediation activities were directed toward VOC contam-
inated sites; however, many of the demonstrated technologies and