has been demonstrated as a cost-
effective subsurface characteriza-
tion tool. Traditional methods to access the subsurface require drill-
ing and boring operations, where-
as this technology literally pushes the probe through the soil and subsurface sediments using high-
pressure hydraulic rams. Grouting the hole provides a seal to elimi-
nate a potential route for contami-
nant movement. The cone pene-
trometer can deploy state-of-the-
art sampling and instrument de-
vices, such as a basic screening detector for soil resistivity and a

fiber-optic fluorometric sensor that detects petroleum hydrocarbons (Photo 1.0h). New sensors, such at TCE and DNAPL Raman spectro-
scopic sensors, have been in-
corporated into the cone penetro-
meter for demonstration. This characterization technique can improve design of monitoring well networks. The cone penetrometer has been linked with vapor phase sampling systems, to provide con-
centration-depth profiles, leading to a better understanding of the subsurface (Photo 1.0i).